Promotion Is The Business Of Communicating With The Customer

Promotion is the business of communicating with the customer. Promotion raises customer awareness of a product or brand, generating sales, and creating brand loyalty and is used by companies to try and help persuade them to purchase their product. The purpose of promotion is to grow the total size of the market, sales volume, increase market share, establish and build credibility (Cheverton, 2004). Increased promotional activity is often a sign of a response to a problem such as competitive activity, it enables an organization to develop and build up a succession of messages and can be extremely cost-effective (Business Case Studies, 2016). For a company to be successful they will rely on promotion mixes (the specific mix of advertising,†¦show more content†¦Personal selling will give the company the interaction it needs to most effectively promote their software for animated television and shows. Personal selling has a superior impact on a consumer, questions are answered a lmost instantly and there are no middle men to rely the wrong image or question the product of the company. Personal selling is effective when used in the business to business market, as it enables a company to gain two-way communication with the buyer directly and is able to tailor their sales message and receive instant feedback. Making professional quality animated television shows and movies animated software is not a product that all audiences will need. A company using direct marketing will be able to get their product to a specific target audience. Direct marketing delivers personalized promotional material directly to individual consumers, by providing an interactive approach for an organization to reach consumers (Marketing communication, 2014). Direct marketing allows businesses to focus their marketing resources where they are likely to get the best results while enabling a company to influence specific consumers and businesses. Promotions using direct marketing would be creating a website on the internet, e-mail, and getting it out to the businesses you are trying toShow MoreRelatedMarketing Versus The Value Approach1024 Words   |  5 Pages Compare and Contrast a 4-P (Price, Product, Place and Promotion) Approach to Marketing versus the Value Approach (Creating, Communicating, and Delivering Value) Anonymous University of the People Principles of Marketing BUS 2201 â€Æ' Abstract The commonly accepted definition of marketing introduced the concept of marketing, using the four Ps approach to marketing and the value approach. However, many students of marketing have erroneously assumed the four Ps as the same as the Value MarketingRead MoreThe Major Elements Of Marketing856 Words   |  4 Pagesto marketing. While the value approach concentrates on delivering value to the consumers or customers, the 4Ps approach is evidently concentrated not on customers, but on the product itself. The major elements of the four Ps approach of marketing are product, price, place, and promotion; by that, the four Ps elevate product in the marketing plan while the value approach components are creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings. In the 4Ps approach of marketing, a product which mayRead MoreMarketing Versus The Value Approach1052 Words   |  5 PagesPrepare an essay comparing and contrasting a 4-P (price, product, place and promotion) approach to marketing versus the value approach (creating, communicating, and delivering value). What would you expect to be the same and what would you expect to be different between two companies who apply one or the other approach? In The cutting edge world of marketing dated back in the late 1950s, the four Ps were called the marketing mix, meaning that a marketing plan is a mix of four components. A companyRead MoreMarketing Mix Of Marketing And Marketing1001 Words   |  5 PagesOne of other marketing mix is the Value approach. This approach concentrates on delivering value to the consumers or customers, the 4Ps approach is evidently concentrated not on customers, but on the product itself. These are the 4 P’s approach 1. Product. Goods and services (creating offerings). 2. Promotion. Communication. 3. Place. Getting the product to a point where the customer can purchase it (delivering). 4. Price. The monetary amount charged for the product (exchange). The four Ps approachRead MorePromotional Mix : Marketing Mix1698 Words   |  7 Pages(distribution), price and promotion. The promotional mix has several components to it, which include advertising, public relations, sales promotion, personal selling, and, in this day and age, social media. The most important concept to learn about the promotional mix is that, no matter how good the product, the price, or the distribution of a good or service is, the product will not survive in a competitive marketplace if it doesn’t have strong promotion. The promotion of a good or service is extremelyRead MoreWii Fit Promotion949 Words   |  4 PagesPromotion Nintendo knows that it has a unique and attractive product to a wide demographic at an affordable price. To generate the sales and profits that we have forecasted though will require all of the above features to be effectively communicated to our customers. This is where promotion enters the marketing mix. This mix will consist of a blend of personal selling, advertising, sales promotion, public relations, and web site. Our promotional strategy will be based on the Wii Fit target audienceRead MoreLife Insurance987 Words   |  4 Pagestaking the help from the state to run the business. LITERATURE VIEW Sales management and customer satisfaction: Influence of Advertising on Sales: This is a very important fact in life insurance industry as, their most of sales advertising by the salespersons. Draw back of a company can be happen due to the lack of communication and the problems in communicating with the consumers. Influence of Sales promotions on sales Sales promotions has taken an increasing share of the marketingRead MoreThe Role of Internet Marketing within the a Modern Marketing Context1015 Words   |  5 PagesSolution of Task 1 Describe the role of internet marketing has within a modern marketing context. (P1) Marketing is the method of communicating that the price of a goods or services to customer, for expected selling. It is the communicating method between a society’s demandable materials and economic pattern in exchanging money. Product, Price, Place and Promotion known as 4Ps and marketing mix. These are the base of marketing. which is development product and distribute to different place toRead MoreMarketing Mix1265 Words   |  6 Pagestool. The four Ps or four elements of the marketing mix are product, place, price, and promotion, which are used to satisfy consumers’ needs and the objectives of the organization. After a target market is selected, â€Å"†¦the firm must take steps to satisfy [the customers] needs† (Kerin, Hartley, Rudelius, 2009 p. 13). The basic concept of the marketing mix is to focus on what customers want and to keep customers satisfied. Although the marketing mix is a unique way to market a product or service, satisfyingRead MoreEssay about Four Elements of the Marketing Mix 1460 Words   |  6 Pagestool. The four Ps or four elements of the marketing mix are product, place, price, and promotion, which are used to satisfy consumers’ needs and the objective s of the organization. After a target market is selected, â€Å"†¦the firm must take steps to satisfy [the customers] needs† (Kerin, Hartley, Rudelius, 2009 p. 13). The basic concept of the marketing mix is to focus on what customers want and to keep customers satisfied. Although the marketing mix is a unique way to market a product or service, satisfying

The State Of Healthcare System - 1412 Words

The state of healthcare system in the United States is a complete mess right now and is in desperate need of reform. The recent reform due to the passage of the Affordable Care Act was a good start, but I think it just scratched the surface of all that needs to be done to fix the system. Far too many Americans are unable to afford the basic human right of health care because of corporate greed and poor policy making by the government. I think there needs to be a complete overhaul of the healthcare system so that Americans can afford to be healthy, and not have to worry about losing everything when they get sick. This new healthcare system needs to focus on preventative measures in order to drive the cost of healthcare down and to improve†¦show more content†¦Only having one insurance company would also cut down on administrative costs for hospitals because they would know what would be covered without having to struggle with insurance companies. A government run healthcare s ystem would be a great way to simplify everything for the consumers and hospitals, and I also think it would make paying for healthcare much simpler. My reform would require every American to pay taxes to pay for the healthcare system. In this system, the government would be responsible for reimbursing the hospitals, however all the money would be supplied through the new tax. The amount in taxes each person pays would be dependent on their income. By setting up these tax brackets it would subsidizes healthcare for the poor by having the rich pay a little more. Right now, low income Americans and minorities are the ones struggling to afford to pay for health insurance, so this system would allow them to have insurance that pays for every service they could need without them having to worry about cost.2 Currently many Americans have to choose between necessary health care and going bankrupt, however in other countries like the United Kingdom people never go bankrupt due to health car e costs.2 A study found that between 2005 and 2013 the number one cause of bankruptcy in the U.S. was due to medical bills.2 This payment system would essentially eliminate bankruptcy due to medical billsShow MoreRelatedHealthcare Systems And The United States Healthcare System Essay1483 Words   |  6 Pages Abstract   Universal Healthcare sounds appealing, but it actually lowers the quality and quantity of healthcare services that are rendered to patients, thus downgrading the healthcare system as a whole.   Not having to pay, with everyone having coverage leads to longer wait times for medical service and many people overusing health care services. Implementation of Universal Healthcare in the United States would lead to a detrimental crippling of the nation’s health system. For those countries thatRead MoreHealthcare System Of The United States1368 Words   |  6 PagesOur healthcare system consumes nearly 3 trillion dollars annually yet fails to deliver the value it should. (CMS, 2014) Among 191 national health care systems the United States ranked 37th in overall performance, not to mention ranking 39th in infant mortality, 36th in life expectancy, and even poorer in adult male and female mortality. (WHO, 2000, 2009) If there is a single category in which the U.S. healthcare system r anked 1st, embarrassingly, is healthcare spending per capita. A question thusRead MoreThe United States Healthcare System870 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States healthcare system is unique when compared with that of other developed nations. Shi and Singh (2015) describe 10 different characteristics of the United States system, as well as, several external factors that assert some pressure on the healthcare delivery system. In this discussion, we will focus on access to health care, as one of the characteristics, and information technology as the external force. I will then review what effect the Affordable Care Act of 2010 had on theseRead MoreThe United States Healthcare System1590 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States Healthcare system is different from other countries for a variety of reasons. Other wealthy developed countries have a national insurance programs based on global budgets. There are three basic models for the structure of their National Healthcare Systems. These programs, mostly cover all citizens in those countries. In contrast, the United States is yet to develop such a healthcare system. Two programs which impact the United States healthcare system is Medicare and MedicaidRead MoreThe Healthcare System Of The United States1266 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper is a broad overall view of the healthcare system in the United States. The paper will encompass U.S. healthcare structure system and to HCIT effectiveness. I will not be able to cover all aspects of the U. S. healthcare system in this paper, but I will hit on key points that I feel are important for you the reader to understand. Keep in mind that the healthcare system here is more complex and complicated today, and this is due to the constant changes and major shifts from being centeredRead MoreThe United States Healthcare System1562 Words   |  7 Pages  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The United States healthcare system is one the largest and most complex systems in the world†(Artem Chepr asov, study.com). Healthcare is one of the most important items to provide for an entire nation, yet the US does not have free healthcare. Why you may ask? Well, there has been a long debate to whether the USA should provide free healthcare for all its citizens; however, there hasn’t been a big change to healthcare being provided for everyone. On both sides of argument, there have been logicalRead MoreHealthcare Systems And The United States Essay1680 Words   |  7 PagesOrganization’s ranking of the world’s health systems the United States ranks at number 37 overall and is the only wealthy industrialized nation that doesn t have a universal healthcare system. If this is to be fixed we need to take a look at other countries systems and learn how to improve conditions. This paper is going to talk about five countries; Spain, Germany, Canada, Cuba, and the United States. These countries cover a wide variety of healthcare systems. According to most lists America has theRead MoreHealthcare Systems And The United States1745 Words   |  7 PagesHealthcare systems in the United States are very complex. The United States healthcare system is made up of public and private components. Medicare, Medicaid, private insurance, government run healthcare systems, and military coverage is reviewed. As of 2011, 15% of Americans are uninsured, 60% of insured are employer based, and 15% are covered by Medicare. Access to medical care still has its challenges especially for the uninsured or underinsured. Although the United States spends the mostRead MoreThe United States Healthcare System1683 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States healthcare system is one of the most expensive systems in the world with 16% of its gross domestic product (GDP) assigned to it, it is expected that this spending may increase up 20% of the US GDP by 2016.1 Unfortunately, despite the large amount of money delegated to this system there are still widening gap in health dis parities existing in the US, based on geographical areas, race/ethnic groups or class.2 Other factors such as genetics, social circumstances, environmental exposuresRead MoreThe United States Healthcare System1736 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment The United States’ healthcare system is not easy to define. It is a complex, decentralized, market-based system with multiple stakeholders. In this paper we will try our best to discuss the organization, financing, and delivery of the American healthcare system, as well as identify respective flaws. We will conclude this paper with a discussion on potential solutions to the flaws we have identified. Organization The American healthcare system is a complex, market-based system that operates

What Drive Individuals to Commit Crime Free Essays

Every crime is the result of individual, physical and social conditions. (Ferri, 1893). In â€Å"Thinking seriously about crime† Jock Young described crime as â€Å"a product of the undersocialisation of the individual. We will write a custom essay sample on What Drive Individuals to Commit Crime or any similar topic only for you Order Now This can be a result of (a) an innate genetic or physiological incapacity of the individual to be easily socialised; (b) a family background which was ineffective in the use of socialisation techniques in its child-rearing practices; (c) a social setting which lacked coherent and consistent consensual values†. This statement nicely introduces this essay, as all the main aspects that lead people in to crime will be discussed. Drugs are constantly the issue of intense government and political debate. Drugs and Alcohol are major factors in why people commit crime. An individual may be dealing in drugs to make money; they may commit crimes to feed their habit or they may just use drugs for recreational use. All these are practices are illegal. In the United States of America the number of inmates and prisoners has more than tripled since 1980. Four out of every five got there with the help of drugs and alcohol, says a report released by the National Centre on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University. The report says: Of 1.7 million prisoners in 1996, 1.4 million had violated drug or alcohol laws. They had been under the influence when they committed their crimes, they had stolen to support their habit or had a history of drug or alcohol abuse that led them to commit crimes. In â€Å"The Drugs-Crime Connection† John Ball discusses the criminality of heroin addicts. â€Å"There is a general agreement among criminologists that an increase in criminality commonly occurs following the onset of heroin addiction†. Ball goes on to present the results of a survey conducted on a large group of heroin addicts and their activities whilst on and off heroin. The results are quite significant and clearly show that more crimes were committed whilst on heroin. It is important to note that most of the crimes reported were for theft and that drug use or possession was not classified as a crime. This is hardly surprising. Drug addiction is expensive. But have these people been propelled in to crime or are they committing crime by their own choice? It was most likely that they chose to take heroin but eventually could not come off it. They were then forced, because of their addiction, to go out and commit crime. So in a way they were propelled in to committing crime. But the question should be asked: What propelled them in to taking drugs? Are individuals who grow up or live in poverty propelled in to committing crime? It is certain that individuals who live in poverty are more prone to committing crime than individuals who live in opulence. Comparing crime figures for different areas will clearly show that. But do individuals who live in poverty only commit crime for financial gain? The fact that money is not in abundance is not a just reason to commit crime. There are many people who live in less privileged areas that do not commit crime. So what is the main reason why a person will commit crime? An Individuals† upbringing surely plays the most significant part in determining how they will turn out in life. An article published by Reuters in 1998 discussed the effects absent fathers had on children: â€Å"Sons with absent fathers are more likely to be jailed†. When a father is not present in the home, his son is twice as likely to end up in jail, according to a new study by Cynthia Harper of the University of Pennsylvania and Sara S. McLanahan of Princeton University. Tracking a sample of 6,000 males ages 14 to 22 from 1979 to 1993, the sociologists also found that even after accounting for differences due to race, income and education: The boys who grow up with a stepfather in the home were â€Å"more at risk than those with an absent father, with roughly three times greater risk of incarceration than those who live with both their parents†. Young men whose parents divorce during their adolescence were â€Å"roughly one and a half times as likely to wind up in jail as children from intact families† — faring slightly better than boys who were born to single mothers. While whites have lower rates of father absenteeism than blacks, white youths whose families split are at a higher risk of incarceration than their black peers. The presence of live-in grandparents in households without fathers â€Å"appears to help improve youths’ chances of avoiding incarceration†, the study found. The lack of a decent role model in a childs† upbringing can cause many problems. When a child is growing up he/she needs discipline. They need to know what is right and what is wrong. Discipline is best administered by both parents and not just the mother. The statistic above clearly show how detrimental an absent father is to a child but other homes have fathers who, although present, did not nurture their children, or provide basic instruction on establishing healthy boundaries. Child abuse is found in families at every income. It is much more common at the lower income levels. Children who grow up in violent homes tend to use violence when they become adults in marriage and as parents. Each generation directly affects its descendants and indirectly influences later generations in the same family line. If a child grew up in an abusive household and later went on to commit violent crime, would his upbringing be a major factor? From the evidence presented here it can be concluded that an individuals† upbringing has a significant influence on their life. So an individual can be propelled in to crime. But perhaps he/she still has to be a certain type of person? Can people be born bad? The possibility that genetic research might identify genes for criminal Tendencies† has stimulated intense controversy. Media interest in the case of Stephen Thomas Mobley in which a ‘genetic defence† was pursued, together with News coverage of a conference in London in 1995 on ‘The Genetics of Criminal and Antisocial Behaviour†, brought the question of a link between genetics and Criminal behaviour to wide public attention. Mobley was convicted in February 1994 of the murder of John Collins and sentenced to death. Inspired by patterns of aggression in the Mobley family tree, his lawyers attempted to put together a genetic defence, not in hope of an acquittal, but to try to have the sentence reduced from death to life imprisonment (Mobley vs. The State 1995). The defence claims that there is a pattern of aggression and business success in Mobley†s ancestry that suggests a relevant genetic underlying for his criminal behaviour. In Mobley†s case the jury rejected the genetic defence. Whatever the merits of that particular case, might the findings of Behavioural Genetics provide any grounds for a legal defence? Since then a steady output of Newspaper articles and television documentaries have reflected continuing interest and concern over the suggestion that criminals might be born, not made. The nature/nurture debate rages on in many channels, but amongst psychologists and geneticists it is largely resolved that both are important. There are two possible theses of Genetic Determinism. Firstly there is ‘Weak Genetic Determinism† which suggests genetics has a role in the causation of a range of Behavioural and/or personality traits, such as aggression, dominance and IQ which are relevant to criminality. Secondly there is ‘Strong Genetic Determinism† which suggests genetics is a causally sufficient condition (under normal circumstances) for a range of behavioural and/or personality traits that Lead to criminality. But can an individuals genes lead to a life in crime? Are they the main contributing factor? Weak genetic determinism seems to be the more plausible theory. Strong genetic determinism would suggest that there exists something like a â€Å"Murderer gene† or a â€Å"Bank robber gene†. We clearly know this not to be true. We would then see a more even spread of crime throughout the nation if this were so. The premise that genes contribute towards persons† outcome in life can be accepted. If an individual has genes which make them highly aggressive then that person would be more prone to violent situations than a person whose genes make them a less aggressive person. The same would apply to IQ and dominance. However, it is sensible to say that not enough is known about genetics to make these theories solid fact but enough is known to show that genes can influence a person when certain situations exist. It is therefore safe to conclude that an individual is not propelled in to crime because of his genes, they can only influence him. This essay has looked at many possible reasons why individuals are propelled in to committing crime. We know that individuals† upbringing is clearly a large factor in determining an individuals† outcome in life. When an individual is being brought up he/she are taught what is right and wrong by their parents. The data shown in this essay clearly shows the detrimental effect that absent parents have on a child. The possibility that genetics plays a key role in the reasons why people commit crime has been looked at. It is safe to say that most likely, individuals are not propelled in to crime because they were â€Å"born bad†. It is also safe to say that not enough is known about genetics to present a concrete conclusion on the matter. From the data shown we know that when people are on drugs such as heroin, they will commit crime. Most individuals commit crime of their own accord. Whether they had a poor upbringing, they live in a â€Å"problem area†, are on drugs or have â€Å"criminal genes† they still commit crimes for personal gain. They are not propelled in to committing anything. How to cite What Drive Individuals to Commit Crime, Essay examples

Implementation of a Workplace Ergonomic Program Essay Example For Students

Implementation of a Workplace Ergonomic Program Essay to Reduce Cumulative Trauma DisordersCumulative trauma disorders (CTD) account for nearly 60% of all recordable work related illnesses, the costs are estimated at approximately $100 billion each year (Carson, 1994). Employers are paying this price due to workers exposure to repetitive trauma and other ergonomic hazards, ranging from Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) fines, higher workers compensation costs, increased employee suffering, fatigue, and absenteeism (Randolph, 1992). Occupational health nurses are in a key position to implement an effective ergonomic program in the workplace, which can significantly reduce the incidence of CTD.Kemper Risk Management Services (1994) states CTD is a medical condition of the musculoskeletal system that develops gradually due to repeated stress to the body. Predisposing medical conditions such as arthritis, diabetes, old fractures, hypertension, thyroid disorders, kidney disorders, gout, alcoholism, gynecological disorders, pregnancy, and other f!emale hormonal changes can make a person more susceptible to CTD. Non-occupational related activities such as racket sports, throwing motions, knitting, sewing, and playing musical instruments are additional contributing factors to the development of CTD. The most common anatomical locations for CTD to occur, are in the back, shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand. The most common types of CTD, are nerve disorders, such as carpal tunnel syndrome; tendinitis or tenosynovitis; muscle strains and sprains; ganglionic cysts; and trigger finger. Signs and symptoms of a CTD include: pain or soreness, tenderness to touch, stiffness, swelling, and unusual lumps or bumps which do not go away. Symptoms that resolve or decrease over the weekend when the individual is off, then recur upon returning to work is also indicative of a work related injury (Kemper, 1994). Ergonomics is a science that involves fitting the surroundings of the environment, such as: workstation, tools, and tasks or methods to the individual person. Factors such as the individuals size, strength, and range of motion are all taken into consideration in order to make the appropriate modifications (Sluchak, 1992). The goal of ergonomic improvements are to achieve maximum comfort of the individual by reducing fatigue and stress of the musculoskeletal system. According to Kemper Risk Management Services (1994), there are five basic ergonomic risk factors which need to be corrected:1. Awkward position or postures from extreme range of motion; prolonged static positions; reaching above shoulder height; elbows away from body; deviated wrist positions; and back and neck flexion or extension. 2. Repetitive motions from prolonged keying and assembly work. 3. Force from heaving lifting, pushing, pulling, gripping, and finger pinches. 4. Vibration from tools and equipment. 5. Environmental conditions such as extreme temperatures, high humidity, and poor air circulation. Basic elements of an Ergonomic ProgramOSHA has published, OSHA 3123, Ergonomics Program Management Guidelines for Meatpacking Plants, (U.S. Department of Labor, 1990) which provides excellent information on steps any employers can take. According to OSHA, the prerequisite to implementing an ergonomic program is to obtain upper management support and employee involvement in the program. OSHA describes an effectiveergonomic program as stated in the following paragraphs. A worksite analysis should be conducted, and initially performed by a qualified ergonomic expert. This analysis should include medical and safety records review of all ergonomic related injuries; use of a job specific ergonomic checklist and risk assessment; ergonomics task analysis to develop a plan for hazard prevention and control (The Joyce Institute, 1990). An ergonomic team should be assembled, preferably consisting of engineers and supervisors in positions where ergonomic hazards are present. Ergonomic training of team members should consist of identifying, analyzing, quantifying, and designing solutions to ergonomic problems in the workplace (The Joyce Institute, 1990). There are many ergonomic short courses available in the United States. .u158c121da87c56cb51d026dc9435576a , .u158c121da87c56cb51d026dc9435576a .postImageUrl , .u158c121da87c56cb51d026dc9435576a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u158c121da87c56cb51d026dc9435576a , .u158c121da87c56cb51d026dc9435576a:hover , .u158c121da87c56cb51d026dc9435576a:visited , .u158c121da87c56cb51d026dc9435576a:active { border:0!important; } .u158c121da87c56cb51d026dc9435576a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u158c121da87c56cb51d026dc9435576a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u158c121da87c56cb51d026dc9435576a:active , .u158c121da87c56cb51d026dc9435576a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u158c121da87c56cb51d026dc9435576a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u158c121da87c56cb51d026dc9435576a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u158c121da87c56cb51d026dc9435576a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u158c121da87c56cb51d026dc9435576a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u158c121da87c56cb51d026dc9435576a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u158c121da87c56cb51d026dc9435576a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u158c121da87c56cb51d026dc9435576a .u158c121da87c56cb51d026dc9435576a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u158c121da87c56cb51d026dc9435576a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cultural Diversity EssayAll employee training should be conducted initially and on an annual basis. Training should include how to identify the signs and symptoms of CTD and the importance of early reporting of symptoms to medical personnel. Employees should also be counseled on the non-occupational activities which can contribute to the development of CTDs. Carson (1994) states training should also include:Changes to the work method such as proper tool use and breaks in repetition. A different workstation set-up. Modifications to existing equipment including proper adjustment of chair and height of work surface. New or additional tools. Exercises to affected areas of the body such as the hand or back. A medical management program should be implemented. In an effort to reduce the occurrence and severity of CTDs, training should include early identification, evaluation, and treatment of signs and symptoms. This program as stated by OSHA, should be supervised by a physician or occupational health nurse with training in the prevention and treatment of CTDs. Medical management of CTDs is a developing field, and health care providers should continuously update themselves on the latest diagnostics and treatments available. DiscussionAccording to The Joyce Institute (1990), leaders in ergonomic training, early and effective ergonomic intervention have shown to decrease injuries by 20-30%; decrease errors in quality by 7-10%; and increase productivity by 5-15%. The occupational health nurse has day to day contact with the employees, is aware of the occupational injury and illness trends, and is probably the only individual with any ergonomics awareness. Therefore, the occupational health nurse is in the best position to develop and maintain an ergonomic program in the workplace, thereby ultimately educing the number and severity of occupationally related CTDs. ReferencesCarson, R. (1994). Reducing cumulative trauma disorders: Use of proper workplace design. Journal of the American Association of Occupational Health Nurses, 42, 270-276. The Joyce Institute. (1990). Principles and Applications of Ergonomics. Seattle, WA. Kemper Risk Management Services/The NATLSCO Division. (1994). Five Minute Ergo Talks. Long Grove, IL. Randolph, S. (1992). Ergonomic strategies in the workplace. Journal of the American Association of Occupational Health Nurses, 40, 103. Sluchak, T. (1992). Ergonomics: Origin, focus, and implementation considerations. Journal of the American Association of Occupational Health Nurses, 40, 105-111. U.S. Department of Labor. (1990). Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Ergonomics Program Management Guidelines for Meatpacking Plants. OSHA 3123. Washington, DC.